Tag Archive: sushant koltey


12 MAHA JYOTIRLINGA

hi dear ones,

Share for the day on Shivarathri Day.

Kedarnath

Temple of Lord Kedarnath is situated on the banks of River Mandakini which is on the west side of Kedar mountain in Himalayas.
This place is reached by road via Rishikesh, from where it is more than 200 kms. The last phase is completed by a steep walk of about 3-4 hours.

Kedarnath

Kasi Viswanath


Temple of Lord Viswanath is situated in Varanasi. While it is a highly revered place some Muslim rulers had destroyed & desecrated it,
and built a mosque next ot it. The place has been renovated by later kings.


kashi vishwanath


SOMNATH


Temple of Lord Somnath is situated near the town of Veraval in Western part of Gujarat. Veraval is reached from Rajkot.
The present Temple is a great imposing structure and is situated just on the sea shore.-

somnath


MAHAKALESWAR

Temple of Bhagwan Mahakal is situated in the town of Ujjain. Ujjain is near Indore,
and is reached by train via Ratlam or Bhopal.

mahakaleshwar

Omkareshwar


The Temple of Lord Omkareshwar is situated on the banks of River Narmada, in between Indore & Khandwa.
The temple is situated on an island, which is encircled by the Narmada River.

omkareshwar

Rameshwar


The consecration of the temple of Lord Rameshwar was done by none other than Lord Rama himself, and thus this name.

It is situated in a large island surrounded by sea in the southern side of India. It is approached from Madurai,
which by itslf is well connected by all means of transportation.


rameshwar

SRISAILA   MALLIKARJUNA

The temple of Lord Mallikarjuna is situated in the state of Andhra Pradesh.
The temple is situated in the town of Srisailam on the banks of River Patalganga Krishna.
Srisailam mountain is looked upon reverentially as the Kailash of South.

Mallikarjuna

Trayambakeshwar

Lord Trayambakeshwar resides in a beautiful locale about 20 kms from the city of Nashik.

It is a wel connected place and can also be reached from Bombay in about 4-5 hours.

trayambakeshwar


Bhimashankar


Temple of Lord Bhimashankar is situated in a Forest Reserve about 3 hours drive from Pune. The place is hilly with beautiful greenery all around.

bhimashankar

Nageshwar


Temple of Lord Nageshwar is situated in Gujarat, and is about 12 kms on way from Gomti-Dwarka to Bhet-Dwarka.

nageswar

Baijnath


The Temple of Lord Baijnath is situated in Bihar. On the rail route from Patna to Kolkata is a place called Kiul. About 100 kms south-east of this place is Devghar – where this ancient Temple is situated.

baijnath


Grishneshwar

The Temple of Lord Grishneshwar is situated just adjacent to the famous Ellora Caves.

grineshwar

hi dear ones,

sachin tendulkar

Sachin’s 45 Test Tons

November 15, 1989 marks the day when Sachin Tendulkar made his Test debut against Pakistan in Karachi. At just 16 years old, he only made 15 runs in his debut innings being bowled out by Waqar Younis, but was noticed for how he handled numerous bodyline deliveries by the Pakistani pace attack. More than 20 years have passed by and Sachin has established himself as one of cricket’s finest in this period, amassing 45 centuries along the way. Through this photogallery, CricketNDTV.com takes a look at these centuries made by our beloved ‘Ton’dulkar.

1st century: Sachin’s maiden Test hundred came against England on August 14, 1990 at the Old Trafford Cricket Ground in Manchester. Sachin scored an unbeaten 119 helping India draw the match. With this maiden century, he became the second youngest to score a century in Test cricket after Mushtaq Mohammad. 11 years later in 2001/02 season, his record was bettered by Bangladesh’s Mohammad Ashraful.

Year 1992

2nd century: For nearly two years after his maiden century, he went on without scoring another. Then on January 6, 1992, he managed to score an unbeaten 148 runs against hosts Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground in Sydney.

3rd century: Sachin’s good form continued forward and in the 5th match of the same series against Australia, he scored another ton, this time at the WACA Ground in Perth. But his innings of 114 runs went in vain as India lost the match.

4th century: Sachin scored his fourth century on November 28, 1992 against South Africa at the Wanderers Stadium in Johannesburg. With India batting first, he scored 111 runs. Till now all his centuries had come playing outside India.

Year 1993

5th century: With what was his first century at home, Sachin scored his highest till then, 165 runs against a visiting English side at the M. A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai on February 12, 1993. Sachin’s century contributed a lot in India winning the match.

6th century: Another unbeaten century for Sachin and another win for Team India. Sachin’s score of 104 not out helped India emerge victorious against Sri Lanka at the Sinhalese Sports Club in Colombo on July 31, 1993.

Year 1994

7th century: Sachin’s next century again came against Sri Lanka but this time India were the hosts. The Little Master narrowly missed out on a score of 150, when he got out scoring 142 runs at the K.D. Singh Babu Stadium in Lucknow. Like before, India again managed to pick up a win over the Lankans.

8th century: Playing against a very fast West Indian bowling attack, Sachin scored an enormous score of 179 runs on December 2, 1994. The match took place at the Vidharbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur.

Year 1996

9th century: In what turned out to be a loss for Team India, Sachin scored 122 runs playing against England on a swinging Edgbaston Cricket Ground pitch in Birmingham on June 8, 1996.

10th century: Sachin very soon hit another ton, his tenth till now and helped India draw the match against England at Trent Bridge in Nottingham on July 5, 1996. He had scored 177 runs.

Year 1997

11th century: By now Sachin was leading Team India from the front and was setting examples for everybody else. With the captaincy feather on his cap, he scored 169 runs against the Proteas at the Newlands Cricket Ground in Cape Town on January 4, 1997.

12th century: Sachin added another century to his Test statistics when he hit 143 runs against Sri Lanka at the R. Premadasa Stadium in Colombo on August 3, 1997. This was his second century as Team India’s captain.

13th century: Just a week after scoring his 12th hundred, Sachin scored his 13th. It again came against Sri Lanka and was his first back to back centuries. Hosted by the Sinhalese Sports Club in Colombo, the match ended in a draw.

14th century: Scoring his fourth century of the year, Sachin again missed out on reaching the 150 run mark when he got out after scoring 148 runs at his homeground Wankhede Stadium in Mumbai on December 4, 1997 playing against the Lankans. The match ended in a draw.

Year 1998

15th century: At a time when Sachin was considered to be in the prime of his career, he scored an unbeaten 155 against Australia on March 9, at the M.A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai. His contribution stole the match away from the visiting Aussies.

16th century: Sachin kept ripping the Aussie bowling attack to shreds and amassed 177 runs at the M. Chinnaswamy Stadium in Bangalore on March 26, 1998.

17th century: His 3rd century of the year came when he managed to get 113 runs against hosts New Zealand at the Basin Reserve in Wellington on December 29, 1998. Unfortunately, India again lost the match.

Year 1999

18th century: Sachin would probably never forget January 31, 1999 as he finally managed to get a Test century against Pakistan on that day. He scored 136 runs in the second innings at the M.A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai.

19th century: Hitting tons against Lankans was a common phenomenon for Sachin. Scoring his 6th triple-figure-score against them Sachin hit an unbeaten 124 runs at the Sinhalese Sports Club in Colombo on February 28, 1999.

20th century: Back in his second captaincy stint, Sachin managed to score another century again staying unbeaten at 126 runs. Played at Punjab Cricket Association Stadium in Mohali, this match against New Zealand also ended in a draw.

21st century: It was a big celebration for the Master Blaster as for the first time in his career he managed to hit a double ton scoring 217 runs at the Sardar Patel Stadium in Motera again against New Zealand on October 30, 1999.

22nd century: With this century, Sachin completed 5 Test centuries in a single calender year. He made 116 runs against Australia on December 28, 1999 at the Melbourne Cricket Ground in Melbourne.

Year 2000

23rd century: What was turning out to be a rather quiet year for Sachin turned completely around when he scored 122 runs against Zimbabwe at the Feroz Shah Kotla Ground in New Delhi on November 21, 2000. India went on to register a win in that match.

24th century: Just five days later, Sachin scored a double ton for the second time in his career. Staying unbeaten at 201, India drew the match playing against Zimbabwe at the Vidarbha Cricket Association Ground in Nagpur.

Year 2001

25th century: Sachin’s 126 runs on March 20, 2001 were a major contribution in India’s win against Australia at the M.A. Chidambaram Stadium in Chennai.

26th century: Even though India lost the match to South Africa, fans were still cheering Sachin who scored 155 runs.

27th century: On December 13, 2001, Tendulkar at the Sardar Patel Stadium in Motera played a fine innings against England and scored 103 runs which helped India draw the match.

Year 2002

28th century: With a score of 176, Sachin was now just one century away from equaling Sir Don Bradman’s 29 Test hundreds. This knock of his, helped India win against Zimbabwe at the Vidharbha Cricket Association ground in Nagpur.

29th century: Sachin gave himself an early birthday present when on April 20, 2002, he equaled Sir Don Bradman’s 29 Test tons. It was time for a double celebration as India also won that match against West Indies at Queen’s Park Oval in Port of Spain.

30th century: Sachin narrowly missed out on a double century this time when he got out at a score of 193 against England at Headingley in Leeds on August 23, 2002. But on the brightside, India won the match because of his contribution.

31st century: Another big score by Sachin. He made 176 runs at the Eden Gardens in Kolkata on November 3, 2002 playing against the visiting West Indians.

Year 2004

32nd century: Scoring a mammoth unbeaten 241 against Australia at the Sydney Cricket Ground in Sydney on January 4, 2004, it was the beginning of a high scoring year for him. This was his highest Test score yet.

33rd century: A controversial decision by the then captain Rahul Dravid to declare the innings, cost Sachin from reaching another double hundred score. India declared their innings with Sachin at a score of 194 with just 6 more runs to reach what would have been his 4th double ton.

34th century: Nine months later he finally got his fourth double ton when he slammed an unbeaten 248 runs against Bangladesh during the first Test in Dhaka. He celebrated his double ton with another milestone as he equalled Sunil Gavaskar’s Test record of 34 centuries. It was indeed a proud moment for the two Little Masters, who are great admirers of each other.

Year 2005

35th century: It took Sachin exactly a year to surpass his idol Gavaskar. In 2005, Sachin played six Tests making 444 runs. He missed out on a hundred against Pakistan in Mohali when he was dismissed for 94 runs. And then there was a long wait..

On December 10, 2005 in New Delhi, he got his 35th Test ton against Sri Lanka. He contributed 109 to India’s 290 on a tricky Kotla track where Muralitharan was at his wily best. As they say all’s well that ends well, India won the match by a big margin of 188 runs.

Year 2006

Sachin played five Tests – against Pakistan, England and South Africa – but he had a long run-draught during this year. This year, he did not score any century. In five Test matches, he managed just 267 runs with the help of a fifty that came in South Africa. This was the time when his critics had all their daggers and knives out and in action!

Year 2007

He started the year on a decent note when he hit a fifty in the third Test against South Africa at Cape Town.

36th century: He next toured to Bangladesh for a two-Test match series. He hit 101 in a rain-hit first Test at Chittagong.

37th century: Sachin hit back-to-back centuries in the series. In the second Test against Bangladesh in Dhaka, he raised his 37th ton with an unbeaten knock of 122 runs. Three other Indians made centuries in the same match – Wasim Jaffer, Dinesh Karthik and Rahul Dravid. However, Sachin walked away with the ‘Man of the Series’.

Year 2008

38th century: Sachin started the new year on a high Down Under. During the second Test against Australia in Sydney, Sachin made an unbeaten 154 runs as his 38th Test century. However, some umpiring blunders gave Australian an edge over the Indians in the match that was well in visitors’ grasp.

39th century: After a forgettable Sydney Test, India moved to Adelaide for the third Test. Sachin carried his form to the Adelaide Oval and made 154 runs to get his 39th Test ton, which was also his 80th international hundred. The match ended in a draw.

40th century: Sachin got his 40th ton at Nagpur during the fourth Test against Australia. The four-match series was aready in India’s pocket, but Sachin’s innings of 109 runs helped India put up a good total. India won the match by 172 runs and clinched the series 2-0 to lift the Border-Gavaskar Trophy. During the same series, Sachin surpassed Brian Lara’s record of maximum Test runs. It came during the second Test at Mohali.

41st century: Many called this knock as Sachin’s one of the best Test knocks. After condemnable terror attacks on Mumbai, India played England in Chennai. And the Mumbaikar made that match a historic one. If Virender Sehwag set the stage, Sachin along with Yuvraj Singh chased the total with an hour to spare for the close of the match. He made unbeaten 103 runs and dedicated his 41st ton to all his countrymen.

Year 2009

42nd century: It came at a place which proved to be Indian batting’s graveyard in 2002-03. India went to New Zealand this year after that debacle tour. It was tipped to be one of the toughest tour as nobody knew how the conditions were.

After Indian pacers ripped the Kiwi batting apart in the first Test at Hamilton, Sachin got down to his task and slammed 160 runs for his 42nd ton. Most importantly, his knock backed by lethal bowling gave India a win in New Zealand after a gap of 33 years.

43rd Test century: Sachin celebrated his 20 years in Test cricket with an unbeaten 100 runs in the second innings of the first Test against Sri Lanka in Ahmedabad in December 2009. There were seven centuries scored in that match. Failing to score in the first innings, Sachin scored a subdued 298-ball 100 runs in the second.

Year 2010:

44th Test century: The master batsman started the new year with another century. Though against the minnows, his 44th century came under testing circumstances. India, who played their first Test of the year against Bangladesh in January, were heavily let down by their batsmen in the first innings in Chittagong. Out of 243 runs, Sachin scored 105 and saved India blushes. While wickets were tumbling from one end, Sachin at the other end dig deep and kept the battle on. He was adjudged ‘man of the match’ for his fighting knock.

45th Test century:In the second Test of the two-match series against Bangladesh, Sachin slammed another ton. As compared to the hundred scored in the first Test, this one was a more relaxed one. During the process, he had a 200-run plus with Rahul Dravid for the third wicket.

hi dear ones,

i always wondered who are and what are the categories of the TERRORISTS and where do they get money !!

so here it is ………..

The Task Force classified terrorism into six categories.

  • Civil disorder – A form of collective violence interfering with the peace, security, and normal functioning of the community.
  • Political terrorismViolent criminal behavior designed primarily to generate fear in the community, or substantial segment of it, for political purposes.
  • Non-Political terrorism – Terrorism that is not aimed at political purposes but which exhibits “conscious design to create and maintain a high degree of fear for coercive purposes, but the end is individual or collective gain rather than the achievement of a political objective.”
  • Quasi-terrorism – The activities incidental to the commission of crimes of violence that are similar in form and method to genuine terrorism but which nevertheless lack its essential ingredient. It is not the main purpose of the quasi-terrorists to induce terror in the immediate victim as in the case of genuine terrorism, but the quasi-terrorist uses the modalities and techniques of the genuine terrorist and produces similar consequences and reaction. For example, the fleeing felon who takes hostages is a quasi-terrorist, whose methods are similar to those of the genuine terrorist but whose purposes are quite different.
  • Limited political terrorism – Genuine political terrorism is characterized by a revolutionary approach; limited political terrorism refers to “acts of terrorism which are committed for ideological or political motives but which are not part of a concerted campaign to capture control of the state.
  • Official or state terrorism –”referring to nations whose rule is based upon fear and oppression that reach similar to terrorism or such proportions.” It may also be referred to as Structural Terrorism defined broadly as terrorist acts carried out by governments in pursuit of political objectives, often as part of their foreign policy.

Several sources have further defined the typology of terrorism:

  • Political terrorism
    • Sub-state terrorism
      • Social revolutionary terrorism
      • Nationalist-separatist terrorism
      • Religious extremist terrorism
        • Religious fundamentalist Terrorism
        • New religions terrorism
      • Right-wing terrorism
      • Single-issue terrorism
    • State-sponsored terrorism
    • Regime or state terrorism
  • Criminal terrorism
  • Pathological terrorism

The Many Sources of Income

The sources that feed these organizations are much more varied than one might assume. The Saudi government has admitted to spending more than $87 billion over the last decade in an effort to spread Wahhabism. This money has been spent on the creation of Mosques, schools, and other institutions that have constituted the breeding grounds for the foot soldiers of the global Islamic terrorist movement. Political considerations, and oil, have prevented Washington from holding the Saudis accountable for their role in promoting terrorism.

However, the Saudis are far from the only source of terrorism funding. Funding for terrorist organizations comes mainly from national governments, including but not limited to Iran, Saudi Arabia, and a number of other Arab states; charitable organizations like the Arab League and the International Islamic Relief Organization; “legitimate” business fronts, such as travel agencies and cell phone distributors; the exploitation of the unregulated commodities market and other financial markets; and various forms of international trade that convert cash into diamonds and gold. Terrorists also generate money from criminal activities such as extortion, prostitution rings, video pirating, and drug trafficking.

Furthermore, terrorist organizations have created links with the Russian Mafia, Colombian drug cartel, and a number of other international criminal organizations. These links of politics, money, geography, and arms create a mutually beneficial relationship that allows both the terrorists and the criminal organizations to prosper. Drug trafficking, an estimated $2 trillion market per year, has become the best weapon for terrorists. Beyond helping terrorists to finance their wide range of illegal activities, the drug market has also allowed terrorist organizations to undermine targeted countries both politically and economically, while at the same time creating a crisis in the targeted country’s public health system. Furthermore, the illegal drug trade has helped Islamist terrorist organizations recruit new members by citing drug use as an indication of Western degeneracy, and a sign that such corrupt societies need to be destroyed.

These methods are not area specific , these are used globally.

INDIAN Classic Dances

hi dear ones,

DANCES

The Indian dances are broadly divided into Classical dances and folk dances.

in this blog we will look into classical dances only.

indian classical dances

The Classical dances of India are usually spiritual in content. Though the folk dances of India are also spiritual and religious in content but the main force behind the folk dances of India is the celebratory mood. Dances are a form of coherent expression of human feelings.

Like the Indian culture, Indian classical dances are equally diverse in nature. There are numerous classical dance forms in India and innumerable folk dances. Each dance form can be traced to different parts of the country. Each form represents the culture and ethos of a particular region or a group of people

The most popular classical dance styles of India are Bharatnatyam of Tamil Nadu, Kathakali and Mohiniattam of Kerala, Odissi of Orissa, Kathak of Uttar Pradesh, Kuchipudi of Andhra Pradesh and Manipuri of Manipur.

Bharatnatyam is one of the most popular classical Indian dances. Bharatnatyam is more popular in South Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. Bharatnatyam dance is almost 2,000 years old.

Bharatanatyam

Kathak is one of the most important classical dances of India. Kathak is said to be derived from the word katha, meaning “the art of storytelling.” The Kathak dance form originated in north India and was very similar to the Bharatnatyam dance form.

kathak

Kathakali is the classical dance form of Kerala. The word Kathakali literally means “Story-Play”. Kathakali is known for its heavy, elaborate makeup and costumes.

kathakali

Kuchipudi is one of the classical dance forms of the South India. It derives its name from the Kuchipudi village of Andhra Pradesh. In the seventeenth century the Kuchipudi village was presented to the Brahmins, who were experts in staging dance and drama. Kuchipudi exhibits scenes from the Hindu Epics, legends and mythological tales through a combination of music, dance and acting.

kuchipudi

Manipuri is one of the six major classical dances of India. Manipuri dance is indigenous to Manipur, the Northeastern state of India. The Manipuri dance style is inextricably woven into the life pattern of Manipuri people. The most striking part of Manipur dance is its colorful decoration, lightness of dancing foot, delicacy of abhinaya (drama), lilting music and poetic charm.

Manipuri

Mohiniattam is a classical dance form of Kerala. Mohiniattam is derived from the words “Mohini” (meaning beautiful women) and “attam”(meaning dance). Thus, Mohiniattam dance form is a beautiful feminine style with surging flow of body movements. Mohiniattam dance in Kerala developed in the tradition of Devadasi system, which later grew and developed a classical status.

Mohiniattam

Mohiniattam

Odissi is one of the famous classical Indian dances from Orissa state. The history of Odissi dance is almost two thousand years old. Odissi is a highly inspired, passionate, ecstatic and sensuous form of dance.

Odissi

Odissi

All forms of classical dance are strictly based on thorough rules and systemized series of movements as declared in the  “Natyashastra”, which is the ancient book on dance and music and drama. The Indian classical dance style is unique in terms of movement, grace, style and élan.

hi dear ones,

Space Quick Facts

planets

1. Saturn’s rings are made up of particles of ice, dust and rock. Some particles are as small as grains of sand while others are much larger than skyscrapers.

2. Jupiter is larger than 1,000 Earths.

3. The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is a hurricane-like storm system that was first detected in the early 1600’s.

4. Comet Hale-Bopp is putting out approximately 250 tons of gas and dust per second. This is about 50 times more than most comets produce.

5. The Sun looks 1600 times fainter from Pluto than it does from the Earth.

6. There is a super massive black hole right in the middle of the Milky Way galaxy that is 4 million times the mass of the Sun.

7. Halley’s Comet appears about every 76 years.

8. The orbits of most asteroids lie partially between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter.

9. Asteroids and comets are believed to be ancient remnants of the formation of our Solar System (More than 4 billion years ago!).

10. Comets are bodies of ice, rock and organic compounds that can be several miles in diameter.

11. The most dangerous asteroids, those capable of causing major regional or global disasters, usually impact the Earth only once every 100,000 years on average.

12. Some large asteroids even have their own moon.

SPACE....look above

13. Near-Earth asteriods have orbits that cross the Earth’s orbit. These could potentially impact the Earth.

14. There are over 20 million observable meteors per day.

15. Only one or two meteorites per day reach the surface of Earth.

16. The largest found meteorite was found in Hoba, Namibia. It weighed 60 tons.

17. The typical size of a meteor is about one cubic centimeter, which is equivalent to the size of a sugar cube.

18. Each day, Earth accumulate 10 to 100 tons of material.

19. There are over 100 billion galaxies in the universe.

20. The largest galaxies contain nearly 400 billion stars.

21. The risk of a falling meteorite striking a human occurs once every 9,300 years.

22. A piece of a neutron star the size of a pin point would way 1 million tons.

23. Europa, Jupiter’s moon, is completely covered in ice.

24. Light reflecting off the moon takes 1.2822 seconds to reach Earth.

25. There has only been one satellite destroyed by a meteor, it was the European Space Agency’s Olympus in          1993.

26. The International Space Station orbits at 248 miles above the Earth.

27. The Earth orbits the Sun at 66,700mph.

28. Venus spins in the opposite direction compared to the Earth and most other planets. This means that the Sun rises in the West and sets in the East.

29. The Moon is moving away from the Earth at about 34cm per year.

30. The Sun, composed mostly of helium and hydrogen, has a surface temperature of 6000 degrees Celsius.

31. A manned rocket reaches the moon in less time than it took a stagecoach to travel the length of England.

32. The nearest known black hole is 1,600 light years (10 quadrillion miles/16 quadrillion kilometers) away.

mini-galaxies

hi dear ones,

Interesting Ocean Facts

Area: about 140 million square miles (362 million sq km), or nearly 71% of the Earth’s surface.

Average Depth: 12,200 feet (3,720 m).

Deepest point: 36,198 feet (11,033 m) in the Mariana Trench in the western Pacific.

Mountains: The ocean ridges form a great mountain range, almost 40,000 miles (64,000 km) long, that weaves its way through all the major oceans. It is the largest single feature on Earth.

Highest Mountain: Mauna Kea, Hawaii, rises 33,474 feet (10,203 m) from its base on the ocean floor; only 13,680 feet (4,170 m) are above sea level.

Ocean bed

48 more facts about our oceans…

  1. The oceans occupy nearly 71% of our planet’s surface
  2. More than 97% of all our planet’s water is contained in the ocean
  3. The top ten feet of the ocean hold as much heat as our entire atmosphere
  4. The average depth of the ocean is more than 2.5 miles
  5. The oceans provide 99 percent of the Earth’s living space- the largest space in our universe known to be inhabited by living organisms
  6. More than 90% of this habitat exists in the deep sea known as the abyss
  7. Less than 10% of this living space has been explored by humans
  8. Mount Everest (the highest point on the Earth’s surface 5.49 miles) is more than 1 mile shorter than the Challenger Deep (the deepest point in the ocean at 6.86 miles)
  9. The longest continuous mountain chain known to exist in the Universe resides in the ocean at more than 40,000 miles long

10. The Monterey Bay Submarine Canyon is deeper and larger in volume than the Grand Canyon

11. The Antarctic ice sheet that forms and melts over the ocean each year is nearly twice the size of the United States

12. The average temperature of the oceans is 2ºC, about 39ºF

13. Water pressure at the deepest point in the ocean is more than 8 tons per square inch, the equivalent of one person trying to hold 50 jumbo jets.

14. The Gulf Stream off the Atlantic seaboard of the United States flows at a rate nearly 300 times faster than the typical flow of the Amazon river, the world’s largest river

15. The worlds oceans contain nearly 20 million tons of gold

16. The color blue is least absorbed by seawater; the same shade of blue is most absorbed by microscopic plants, called phytoplankton, drifting in seawater

17. A new form of life, based on chemical energy rather than light energy, resides in deep-sea hydrothermal vents along mid-ocean ridges

18. A swallow of seawater may contain millions of bacterial cells, hundreds of thousands of phytoplankton and tens of thousands of zooplankton

19. The blue whale, the largest animal on our planet ever (exceeding the size of the greatest dinosaurs) still lives in the ocean; it’s heart is the size of a Volkswagen

20. The gray whale migrates more than 10,000 miles each year, the longest migration of any mammal

21. The Great Barrier Reef, measuring 1,243 miles, is the largest living structure on Earth. It can be seen from the Moon.

22. More than 90 percent of the trade between countries is carried by ships and about half the communications between nations use underwater cables

23. More oil reaches the oceans each year as a result of leaking automobiles and other non-point sources than was spilled in Prince William Sound by the Exxon Valdez

24. Fish supply the greatest percentage of the world’s protein consumed by humans

25. Most of the world’s major fisheries are being fished at levels above their maximum sustainable yield; some regions are severely overfished

26. The Grand Banks, the pride of New England fishing for centuries, are closed due to overfishing

27. Eighty per cent of all pollution in seas and oceans comes from land-based activities.

28. Three-quarters of the world’s mega-cities are by the sea.

29. By 2010, 80 per cent of people will live within 60 miles of the coast.

30. Death and disease caused by polluted coastal waters costs the global economy US$12.8 billion a year. The annual economic impact of hepatitis from tainted seafood alone is US$7.2 billion.

31. Plastic waste kills up to 1 million sea birds, 100,000 sea mammals and countless fish each year. Plastic remains in our ecosystem for years harming thousands of sea creatures everyday.

32. Over the past decade, an average of 600,000 barrels of oil a year has been accidentally spilled from ships, the equivalent of 12 disasters the size of the sinking of the oil tanker Prestige in 2002.

33. Tropical coral reefs border the shores of 109 countries, the majority of which are among the world’s least developed. Significant reef degradation has occurred in 93 countries.

34. Although coral reefs comprise less than 0.5 per cent of the ocean floor, it is estimated that more than 90 per cent of marine species are directly or indirectly dependent on them.

35. There are about 4,000 coral reef fish species worldwide, accounting for approximately a quarter of all marine fish species.

36. Nearly 60 per cent of the world’s remaining reefs are at significant risk of being lost in the next three decades.

37. The major causes of coral reef decline are coastal development, sedimentation, destructive fishing practices, pollution, tourism and global warming.

38. Less than one half a per cent of marine habitats are protected — compared with 11.5 per cent of global land area.

39. The High Seas — areas of the ocean beyond national jurisdiction — cover almost 50 per cent of the Earth’s surface. They are the least protected part of the world.

40. Although there are some treaties that protect ocean-going species such as whales, as well as some fisheries agreements, there are no protected areas in the High Seas.

41. Studies show that protecting critical marine habitats — such as warm-and cold-water coral reefs, seagrass beds and mangroves — can dramatically increase fish size and quantity.

42. More than 3.5 billion people depend on the ocean for their primary source of food. In 20 years, this number could double to 7 billion.

43. Populations of commercially attractive large fish, such as tuna, cod, swordfish and marlin have declined by as much as 90 per cent in the past century.

44. Each year, illegal longline fishing, which involves lines up to 80 miles long, with thousands of baited hooks, kills over 300,000 seabirds, including 100,000 albatrosses.

45. As many as 100 million sharks are killed each year for their meat and fins, which are used for shark fin soup. Hunters typically catch the sharks, de-fin them while alive and throw them back into the ocean where they either drown or bleed to death.

46. Global by-catch — unintended destruction caused by the use of non-selective fishing gear, such as trawl nets, longlines and gillnets — amounts to 20 million tons a year.

47. The annual global by-catch mortality of small whales, dolphins and porpoises alone is estimated to be more than 300,000 individuals.

48. Fishing for wild shrimp represents 2 per cent of global seafood but one-third of total by-catch. The ratio of by-catch from shrimp fishing ranges from 5:1 in temperate zones to 10:1 and more in the tropics.

hi dear ones,

Water water everywhere but not a drop to drink !!!

oceans

The major oceanic divisions are defined in part by the continents, various archipelagos, and other criteria. These divisions are (in descending order of size):

1          Pacific Ocean                64,196,000 sq mi (166,266,877 km2)

2          Atlantic Ocean            33,400,000 sq mi (86,505,603 km2)

3          Indian Ocean               28,400,000 sq mi (73,555,662 km2)

4          Southern Ocean          20,327,000 sq mi (52,646,688 km2)

5          Arctic Ocean                5,100,000 sq mi (13,208,939 km2)

6          Arabian Sea                 1,491,000 sq mi (3,861,672 km2)

7          South China Sea         1,148,000 sq mi (2,973,306 km2)

8          Caribbean Sea                971,000 sq mi (2,514,878 km2)

9          Mediterranean Sea      969,000 sq mi (2,509,698 km2)

10        Bering Sea                  873,000 sq mi (2,261,060 km2)

11        Bay of Bengal             838,612 sq mi (2,171,995 km2)

12        Gulf of Mexico           582,000 sq mi (1,507,373 km2)

13        Sea of Okhotsk            537,000 sq mi (1,390,824 km2)

14        Sea of Japan               391,000 sq mi (1,012,685 km2)

15        Hudson Bay               282,000 sq mi (730,377 km2)

16        East China Sea            257,000 sq mi (665,627 km2)

17        Andaman Sea              218,100 sq mi (564,876 km2)

18        Red Sea                        175,000 sq mi (453,248 km2)

19        Black Sea                       168,500 sq mi (436,413 km2)

20        North Sea                       165,000 sq mi (427,348 km2)

21        Baltic Sea                        147,000 sq mi (380,728 km2)

22        Yellow Sea                      113,500 sq mi (293,964 km2)

23        Persian Gulf                      88,800 sq mi (229,991 km2)

24        Gulf of California             59,000 sq mi (152,809 km2)

OCEAN GEOGRAPHY

  • There are 328,000,000 cubic miles of seawater on earth, covering approximately 71 percent of earth’s surface.
  • By volume, the ocean makes up 99 percent of the planet’s living space- the largest space in our universe known to be inhabited by living organisms.
  • About 97 percent of all water on earth is in our oceans, 2 percent is frozen in our ice caps and glaciers, and less than 0.3 percent is carried in the atmosphere in the form of clouds, rain, and snow. All of our inland seas, lakes and channels combined add up to only 0.02 percent of earth’s water.
  • The Antarctic Ice Sheet is almost twice the size of the United States.
  • Earth’s ocean is made up of more than 20 seas and four oceans: Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Pacific, the oldest and the largest.
  • The ocean accounts for 0.022 percent of the total weight of earth, weighing an estimated 1,450,000,000,000,000,000 short tons (1 short ton = 2,000lbs).
  • The average worldwide ocean depth is about 12,460 feet (3,798 meters), with the deepest point of 36,198 feet (11,033 meters) which is located in the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean; the tallest mountain, Mount Everest, measures 29,022 feet (8,846 meters). If Mount Everest were to be placed into the Mariana Trench it would be covered with sea water more than a mile (1.5 km ) deep.
  • Although Mount Everest is often called the tallest mountain on Earth, Mauna Kea, an inactive volcano on the island of Hawaii, is actually taller. Only 13,796 feet of Mauna Kea stands above sea level, yet it is 33,465 feet tall if measured from the ocean floor to its summit
  • A slow cascade of water beneath the Denmark Strait sinks 2.2 miles; more than 3.5 times farther than Venezuela’s Angel Falls, the tallest waterfall on land.
  • Earth’s largest continuous mountain chain is the Mid-Ocean Ridge, stretching for 40,000 miles, rising above the surface of the water in a few places, such as Iceland. It is four times longer than the Andes, Rocky Mountains, and Himalayas combined.
  • Ninety percent of all volcanic activity occurs in the oceans. In 1993, scientists located the largest known concentration of active volcanoes on the sea floor in the South Pacific. This area, the size of New York State, hosts 1,133 volcanic cones and seamounts. Two or three could erupt at any moment.
  • The highest tides in the world are at the Bay of Fundy, which separates New Brunswick from Nova Scotia. At some times of the year the difference between high and low tide is 53 feet 6 inches, the equivalent of a five-story building.
  • Canada has the longest coastline of any country, at 56,453 miles or around 15 percent of the world’s 372,384 miles of coastlines.
  • In 1958, the United States Coast Guard icebreaker East Wind measured the world’s tallest known iceberg off western Greenland. At 550 feet it was only 5 feet 6 inches shorter than the Washington Monument in Washington, D.C.
  • The volume of the Earth’s moon is the same as the volume of the Pacific Ocean.

oceans

Hanuman Jayanti

hi dear ones,

Hanuman Jayanti means the birth day of God Hanuman.

Pawan sut hanuman

Jai Hanuman

Bajrang Bali Ki jai !!!!!

This is how God Hanuman is portrayed in the epics of Ramayana and Mahabharata.

But outside my office in a shobha yatra (Carnival) i saw this ::

kingdoms in India

hi dear ones,

the following table will give the name of kingdoms in ancient India.

almost all the names in tables will be found in the map.

The greatest............. BHARAT

Main kingdoms of Northern and North-Central India

Kuru Kingdom Panchala Kingdom Vatsa Kingdom

Main kingdoms of North-Central India

Kosala Kingdom Kasi Kingdom Videha Kingdom Dakshina Kosala Kingdom Malla Kingdom

Kingdoms of Western and Central-West India

Surasena Kingdom Dwaraka Kingdom Anarta Kingdom Saurashtra Kingdom Heheya Kingdom
Nishadha Kingdom Gurjara Kingdom Karusha Kingdom Chedi Kingdom Dasarna Kingdom
Kunti Kingdom Avanti Kingdom Malava Kingdom

North-Northwestern (Fishermen’s) kingdoms

Matsya Kingdom

Western kingdoms

Trigarta Kingdom Salwa Kingdom Madra Kingdom Sindhu Kingdom Sauvira Kingdom
Sivi Kingdom Kekeya Kingdom Gandhara Kingdom Youdheya Kingdom Pahlava Kingdom

Northwestern kingdoms

Bahlika Kingdom Parama Kamboja Kingdom Uttara Madra Kingdom Uttara Kuru Kingdom
Yavana Kingdom Khasa Kingdom Saka Kingdom

Northern kingdoms

Kasmira Kingdom Kamboja Kingdom Darada Kingdom Parada Kingdom Parasika Kingdom
Tushara Kingdom Huna Kingdom Hara Huna Kingdom Rishika Kingdom China Kingdom

Eastern kingdoms

Magadha Kingdom Kikata Kingdom Anga Kingdom Pragjyotisha Kingdom Sonita Kingdom
Lauhitya Kingdom Pundra Kingdom Suhma Kingdom Vanga Kingdom Odra Kingdom
Utkala Kingdom

Kingdoms just South of the Vindhya Range

Vidarbha Kingdom Anupa Kingdom Surparaka Kingdom Nasikya Kingdom
Konkana Kingdom Asmaka Kingdom Danda Kingdom Kalinga Kingdom

Kingdoms in the far South in mainland India

Telinga Kingdom Andhra Kingdom Kishkindha Kingdom Gomanta Kingdom Karnata Kingdom Pandya Dynasty
Chera Dynasty Mushika Kingdom Chola Kingdom Kanchi Kingdom Pahlava Kingdom Sinhala Kingdom
Satyaputra Kingdom Tulu Kingdom

Saraswati Valley kingdoms

Saraswata Kingdom Abhira Kingdom Sudra Kingdom Nishada Kingdom

Himalayan kingdoms

The table lands and valleys of the great Himalayan Mountain Ranges, which were almost inaccessible to the people settled in the Ganga, Sarasvati River and Sindhu river valleys, were inhabited by tribes who had very little interactions with the rest of the world. The Vedic people of the plains considered these tribes to be super-human and in later periods considered them even as natural-spirits. The domains of these exotic tribes are listed below:

To know about the mythological aspects of these exotic tribes see Hindu mythology. To know about the historical significance of these tribes see the Exotic tribes of ancient India.

Kimpurusha Kingdom Pisacha Kingdom Naga Kingdom Kinnara Kingdom Yaksha Kingdom
Gandharva Kingdom Kirata Kingdom Himalaya Kingdom Parvata Kingdom Nepa Kingdom

Bharatvarsha............India for you !!!

hi dear ones,

DRUGS

Drugs

There is variety

Narcotics: A drug that produces numbness or stupor; often taken for pleasure or to reduce pain; extensive use can lead to addiction

Alcohol and tobacco rank among the ten most dangerous substances used by humans. Both alcohol and tobacco have been assessed to be more dangerous than illegal drugs like marijuana or ecstasy.

The following three factors are considered in the way of  harmfulness of each drug that are given below:

  • Physical harm to the user
  • Addictive potential of the drug
  • The drug’s overall impact on society

Ranked from most to least dangerous, the ten most dangerous substances were deemed to be:

  1. Heroin – popular street names include smack, skag, and junk.
  2. Cocaine – often referred to as snow, flake, coke, and blow.
  3. Barbiturates – popular slang names include yellow jackets, reds, blues, Amy’s, and rainbows.
  4. Street Methadone
  5. Alcohol
  6. Ketamine – a powerful hallucinogen, often referred to as Special K.
  7. Benzodiazepines – a family of sedative drugs.
  8. Amphetamines – known as greenies among baseball players.
  9. Tobacco
  10. Buprenorphine – also called bupe or subbies.

The remaining drugs that were assessed in this study ranked as follows:

  1. Cannabis – includes marijuana.
  2. Solvents – volatile substances that can be inhaled, such as glue, nail polish remover, paints, hair spray, and lighter fuel (gas).
  3. 4-MTA – is a derivative of amphetamine and has similar effects to ecstasy.
  4. LSD
  5. Methylphenidate – central nervous system stimulant, commonly sold as ritalin.
  6. Anabolic steroids
  7. GHB – short for Gamma hydroxybutyrate, a powerful central nervous system depressant, most commonly known as the date rape drug.
  8. Ecstasy
  9. Alkyl nitrates – group of drugs commonly referred to as poppers.
  10. Khat – an amphetamine-like stimulant.

I want a KICK !!!

LIST of Drugs

Narcotics of Natural Origin
Opium
Morphine
Codeine
Thebaine
Semi-Synthetic Narcotics
Heroin
Hydromorphone
Oxycodone
Hydrocodone
Synthetic Narcotics
Meperidine
Dextropropoxyphene
Fentanyl
Pentazocine
Butorphanol
Narcotics Treatment Drugs
Methadone
LAAM
Buprenorphine

Say loudly "" NO DRUGS "" !!!!!!